One of the tragic ironies of the second half of the 20th century is that when colonies in the developing world freed themselves from European rule, they often slid back into warfare, this time intensified by modern weaponry, organized militias, and the freedom of young men to defy tribal elders.77 As we shall see in the next chapter, this development is a countercurrent to the historical decline of violence, but it is also a demonstration of the role of Leviathans in propelling the decline. Steven Pinker
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The decline of violence is one of the great ironies of the 20th century. The decline of violence was not intentional, but it happened by accident. As people were liberated from European rule, they often used the new independence to go back to war. The reason for this was that many colonial governments were corrupt and wanted the resources of the nations they controlled.

The nations became divided and tribal leaders started fighting each other to gain control of resources like oil and water. This business of war continued long after independence was gained, as tribal leaders fought for control over resources.

Source: The Better Angels Of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined

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